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@phdthesis{LIM2024,

title = {Ethical imperatives in AI-driven educational assessment: Framework and implications},

author = {Ming Soon Tristan LIM},

url = {https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/etd_coll/556

https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1554&context=etd_coll},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-05-04},

school = {Singapore Management University},

abstract = {This dissertation embarks on an extensive exploration of the ethical challenges emerging from the integration of AI in educational assessments. It uncovers the complex interplay between AI and the ethical imperatives these technologies pose within educational assessments.



Amidst the rapid development of AI-enabled educational technologies, such as Ubiquitous, Adaptive, and Immersive technologies, this research identifies a notable gap in literature specifically concerning the ethical imperatives and implications of AI in educational assessments. Addressing this gap, the dissertation has three primary objectives: to comprehend and analyze the underpinning educational technologies driving assessments, to elucidate the intricate relationship between AI, ethics, and educational assessments, and to develop a comprehensive theoretical framework addressing the ethical challenges inherent in AI implementations in assessments.



The dissertation contributes to the research field by offering a nuanced examination of AI’s role in educational assessments and its ethical ramifications. It introduces a robust framework to guide educators, policymakers, and researchers through the ethical complexities of AI implementation. This study not only bridges the literature gap but also provides actionable insights for the practical application of AI in educational settings, emphasizing the need for ethical consideration at every stage of the assessment pipeline.



The dissertation highlights the dynamic trajectories of educational technologies, stressing the rising importance of adaptive technologies and the transformative role of immersive and ubiquitous technologies in assessments. It underscores the necessity of ethical vigilance in AI applications and validates a generalizable framework for ethically grounded AI-enabled assessments.



The dissertation opens pathways for future exploration, suggesting the need for interdisciplinary methodologies, longitudinal studies, deeper analysis of learners' AI understanding, and practical applications of the study’s insights. It calls for a collaborative, informed approach among various stakeholders in education to responsibly harness AI's potential, ensuring its integration not only advances educational practices but does so with ethical integrity and pedagogical effectiveness.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {phdthesis}

}

@phdthesis{vanDis2023,

title = {Re-envisioning Responsible Research : The Inextricable Role of TranslationThe case of ASIRPA Real-Time in the French 0-Pesticides mission},

author = {Renée van Dis},

url = {https://theses.hal.science/tel-04238279},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-10-12},

abstract = {To what extent can we responsibilise researchers to respond to societal challenges? Within Europe, governments are seeking to achieve societal missions through policy programmes that support alternative ways of conducting research. This policy innovation highlights the responsibilities for resolving problems in society that governments attribute to researchers. Such policies diverge from a context of ‘excellent science’, where research efforts are oriented towards economic growth and blue-sky objectives, and where scientific advances are not tempered by societal context. Instead, directing research to meet societal needs requires a different understanding and means of assessing the societal impact of research. Formative evaluation has emerged as a means to support the responsibilisation of researchers, which involves the evaluation of real-time impact as a learning process involving all actors in the R&I programme. Therefore, responsibilisation of researchers could be conceptualised as a formative process of (re)orienting research towards societal impact in real time. In this thesis, I question how formative evaluation encourages researchers to take responsibility for contributing to a societal mission through their research.To respond to this question, I studied the case of a French research programme launched in 2019: The Priority Research Programme ‘Growing and Protecting crops Differently’ (PPR-CPA), with the ambitious mission of eradicating pesticides by 2040. I worked with the researchers of the ten funded research projects who are encouraged to think about their contribution to the constitution of a pesticide-free society with the alternative solutions to pesticides that they study. The PPR-CPA has integrated ASIRPA Real Time (RT), a formative evaluation approach, to support researchers in this process. ASIRPA RT mobilises the sociology of translation to highlight the chains of translation that occur during the process of generating societal impacts. In conducting my research within the ASIPRA TR team, I compared researchers' visions of eradicating pesticides before their participation in ASIRPA TR (T0) and one year after (T1). I introduce the notion of 'responsible translation' to describe the process I observed of how researchers move from holding visions of alternative solutions they study in their projects to those of a society that eradicates pesticides. This process highlights the fact that researchers must envision the roles and responsibilities of actors in reconfigured heterogeneous networks in order to anticipate their impact on society. My thesis contributes to academic knowledge as I demonstrate the links between the responsibilisation of researchers and processes of translation, supported by formative evaluation. I show that normative visions of responsibility guide research, but they need to be translated in order to work. Consequently, these visions become part of the translation process in mission-oriented contexts.





Dans quelle mesure pouvons-nous responsabiliser les chercheurs pour qu'ils répondent aux défis de la société ? En Europe, les gouvernements mettent en place des politiques d’innovation dites de mission qui soutiennent des manières alternatives de mener la recherche. Cette approche met en évidence les responsabilités que les gouvernements attribuent aux chercheurs dans résolution des problèmes de la société. Ce contexte diffère de celui de la ‘science d'excellence’, où les efforts de recherche sont orientés par la croissance économique et des objectifs scientifiques, et où les avancées scientifiques ne sont pas considérées dans leur contexte sociétal. Au contraire, l'orientation de la recherche pour afin de répondre aux besoins de la société exige une compréhension différente et des moyens d'évaluer l'impact sociétal de la recherche. L'évaluation formative est un moyen de soutenir la responsabilisation des chercheurs, qui implique l'évaluation de l'impact en temps réel en tant que processus d'apprentissage incluant tous les acteurs du programme de recherche et d'innovation. Par conséquent, la responsabilisation des chercheurs pourrait être conceptualisée comme un processus formatif de (ré)orientation de la recherche vers l'impact sociétal en temps réel. Dans cette thèse, je questionne la manière dont l'évaluation formative encourage les chercheurs à prendre la responsabilité de contribuer à une mission sociétale par le biais de leurs projets de recherche.

Pour répondre à cette question, j'ai étudié le cas d'un programme de recherche français lancé en 2019 : le Programme prioritaire de recherche « Cultiver et protéger autrement » (PPR-CPA), avec la mission ambitieuse d'éradiquer les pesticides d'ici 2040. J'ai travaillé avec les chercheurs des dix projets de recherche financés qui sont encouragés à réfléchir à leur contribution à la constitution d'une société sans pesticides avec les solutions alternatives aux pesticides qu'ils étudient. Le PPR-CPA a intégré ASIRPA Temps Réel (TR), une approche d'évaluation formative, pour soutenir les chercheurs dans ce processus. ASIRPA TR mobilise la sociologie de la traduction afin de mettre en évidence les chaînes de traduction tout au long du processus de génération des impacts sociétaux. En menant ma recherche au sein de l'équipe ASIPRA TR, j'ai comparé les visions des chercheurs sur l'éradication des pesticides avant leur participation à ASIRPA TR (T0) et un an après (T1). J'ai développé la notion de « traduction responsable » afin de décrire le processus que j'ai observé sur la façon dont les chercheurs passent de visions de solutions alternatives qu'ils étudient dans leurs projets à celles d'une société qui éradique les pesticides. Ce processus met en évidence le fait que les chercheurs doivent envisager les rôles et les responsabilités des acteurs dans des réseaux hétérogènes reconfigurés afin d'anticiper leur impact sur la société. Ma thèse contribue à la connaissance académique en démontrant les liens entre la responsabilisation des chercheurs et les processus de traduction, soutenus par l'évaluation formative. Je montre que les visions normatives de la responsabilité guident la recherche, mais qu'elles doivent être traduites pour fonctionner. Par conséquent, ces visions font partie du processus de traduction dans les contextes orientés vers une mission.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {phdthesis}

}

@phdthesis{Lowans2023,

title = {A socio-techno economic analysis of energy and transport poverty in Northern Ireland},

author = {Christopher Lowans},

url = {https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/a-socio-techno-economic-analysis-of-energy-and-transport-poverty-

https://pure.qub.ac.uk/files/517510812/CL_Thesis_V3.0.pdf},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-09-12},

urldate = {2023-09-12},

school = {Queen's University Belfast},

abstract = {It is a widely held position in the literature that the current energy transition should be a Just Transition. This is considered a moral imperative, and a practical choice as it seeks to preserve the legitimacy of governments and businesses through the ongoing energy transition.

However, energy and transport poverty present significant barriers to this Just Transition in distributional terms and in terms of recognition. These conditions are difficult to quantify, and definitions abound. Nonetheless, the need to address these interlinked issues is increasingly relevant to policy makers due to the energy price consequences of Russia’s invasion of

Ukraine, and the Covid-19 pandemic prior to this.

This work primarily considers Northern Ireland, and to a lesser extent, Republic of Ireland, which are two jurisdictions with many current and potential groups vulnerable to both energy and transport poverty. The initial stages of this work reviewed and analysed the body of literature, from both the academic and policy worlds to understand and critique both the conceptualisation of energy and transport poverty and how they are measured. This initial work concluded that single indicators should be replaced by new composite or multiple existing metrics that examine the overlap of energy and transport poverty and that in the case of composite metrics, these should be the focus of further study alongside the incorporation of what the literature terms vulnerability lenses and other “complex” factors. Further to this, a review of potential solutions found that many are linked to decarbonisation. However, technical analysis tools and data are inadequate to consider their alleviation via these solutions. The use of existing tools requires compromise with regards to what is analysed, and currently requires a focus almost solely on cost aspects.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {phdthesis}

}

@phdthesis{Afresne2023,

title = {Recevoir le Sud},

author = {Laurent Afresne},

url = {https://bdr.parisnanterre.fr/theses/internet/2023/2023PA100034/2023PA100034.pdf},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-05-22},

urldate = {2023-05-22},

school = {Université Paris Nanterre},

abstract = {La circulation et la réception de concepts, d’idées, de textes, etc., font depuis plusieurs décennies l’objet de recherches nombreuses et variées. À l’examen des principales études portant sur la circulation et la réception de concepts, d’idées, de textes, etc. en sciences humaines et sociales, il apparaît que les Classiques des disciplines monopolisent l’attention de ces études. Ces études de la réception et de la circulation sont structurées par trois biais : eurocentrisme, androcentrisme et thanatocentrisme. En sus, le Sud Global n’y est considéré que comme une destination ou une étape de la circulation et de la réception, rarement comme un point de départ. Enfin, les études de la réception possèdent un pouvoir de légitimation et de structuration des Classiques, dont il faut prendre acte.

Ce constat établi, il devient possible, à la suite de quelques textes récents partageant le même constat, de viser un au-delà. La tâche devient alors de prendre en compte les transformations contemporaines du champ mondial des sciences humaines et sociales et de mobiliser les études de la réception et de la circulation comme moyen de saisir ces recompositions globales.

Par l’étude des trajectoires de trois chercheur·ses mondialement connu·es - Raewyn Connell, Achille Mbembe et Walter D. Mignolo – et par le recours à une méthodologie mixte, le présent travail vise à saisir : la manière dont les trajectoires individuelles de ces chercheur·ses ont croisé l’espace français, ainsi que les manières dont les trajectoires individuelles des indvidu·es mobilisé·es dans ces diverses réceptions ont croisé les projets intellectuels que développe chacun·e de ces chercheur·ses.

Dans un effort véritablement comparatif s’agit-il de saisir simultanément ces trois trajectoires, depuis la fin des années 1960 jusqu’à l’orée des années 2020, et de mettre en lumière les facteurs externes et internes qui peuvent expliquer leurs réceptions en France, de leur point de vue comme de celui des récepteur·rices.},

note = {École doctorale 396 : Économie, organisation, société - Sophiapol (EA3932)

},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {phdthesis}

}

@phdthesis{Autrive2023b,

title = {Pratiques de l’analyse de réseau en géographie. Retours sur trois thèses récentes},

author = {Élise Autrive and Laurent Beauguitte and Ninon Briot and Paul Gourdon},

url = {https://hal.science/hal-03920666v1/file/2023_01_ARCS_v0.pdf

https://hal.science/hal-03920666v1},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-03},

abstract = {Trois géographes ayant soutenu en 2021 et mobilisant des méthodes d’analyse de réseau issues d’autres disciplines (sociologie, informatique, physique) expliquent le choix des méthodes, des indicateurs et des logiciels utilisés dans leurs travaux. Iels insistent à la fois sur la faiblesse de la formation initiale et le rôle crucial de l’auto-formation. Les forces et faiblesses de l’analyse de réseau et des visualisations de type liens-nœuds sont enfin évoqués.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {phdthesis}

}

@phdthesis{Baggaley2023,

title = {Development and validation of a parent-completed screening checklist for early movement abnormalities indicating a high risk of development of cerebral palsy},

author = {Jessica Jeanette Evelyn Baggaley},

url = {https://theses.ncl.ac.uk/jspui/handle/10443/6003

http://hdl.handle.net/10443/6003},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Newcastle University},

abstract = {Introduction: Each year around 1800 UK children are diagnosed with Cerebral Palsy (CP). Of these, 40-50% are deemed ‘low risk’ at birth, relying on their parents and primary health care professionals (PHCPs) to identify concerning features and seek referral, ultimately leading to diagnosis. Reports suggest delays to diagnosis are occurring within primary care referral. Aim: Identify the cause(s) of delays in the referral of infants with emerging motor difficulties to secondary care. Develop new tool(s) to reduce delays. Methods: This study was carried out in three phases. Phase 1: Online survey of parents and carers of children with CP about their earliest concerns and experiences of the referral and diagnosis process. Thematic analysis identified the earliest concerns and the Andersen Model of Total Patient delay categorised where delays are occurring. Phase 2: Scoping review of motor screening tools for infants aged 0-6 months. This identified how the contents of the tools were developed, if parents were included in their development, and how the content relates to early parental concerns. Phase 3: Iterative interviews with key stakeholders while developing a new tool for identifying concerning features. Results: Phase 1: 255 respondents reported more concerns than those routinely reported in the literature. Delays related to symptom awareness, parental confidence, and watch and wait approaches. Phase 2: 42 tools identified. One tool included a parent of a child with CP in the development process. No tools identified all identified parental concerns. Phase 3: Two informational resources were developed: a short hard-copy resource to raise awareness in new parents, and a long online resource to provide further information. Discussion: Reported delays suggest parents’ experience difficulties in help-seeking, and parents and PHCPs lack symptom awareness. New resources aim to rectify this. Further research is needed to refine, validate, and identify the impact of new resources.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {phdthesis}

}

@phdthesis{vanderWouden2022,

title = {Agenda-setting for research in oral health care},

author = {Puck van der Wouden},

url = {https://hdl.handle.net/11245.1/5d239502-0b88-4dfb-9d32-9fde5e5637ef

https://pure.uva.nl/ws/files/73828182/Thesis.pdf

https://dare.uva.nl/search?identifier=5d239502-0b88-4dfb-9d32-9fde5e5637ef},

isbn = {9789463616997},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-06-29},

school = {Faculty of Dentistry (ACTA)},

abstract = {Patients in oral health care suffer from a lack of implementation of research findings. This has an impact on the quality and safety of care provided by oral health care practitioners (OHPs). In this thesis, we provide insight into the composition of oral health research and research priorities of OHPs and patients.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {phdthesis}

}

@phdthesis{Sørhaug2022,

title = {På sporet av aktørar som skriv Ein studie av to digitale samskrivingskasus i ein ungdomsskoleklasse},

author = {Jon Olav Sørhaug},

editor = {Universitetet i Agder},

url = {https://uia.brage.unit.no/uia-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/3035826/Dissertation.pdf?sequence=4},

issn = {1504-9272},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-06-05},

urldate = {2022-06-05},

abstract = {On the Trail of Actors Who Write is a study of two digital cases of collaborative writing in a Norwegian lower secondary school class. The study maps, analyzes and discusses the writing process in two collaborative writing groups, consisting of six students – in close collaboration with software, texts from the Internet and other digital actors, during three double lessons in February 2020.

The study applies socio-material theory to writing in school contexts. The conceptual framework is based on actor-network theory (ANT), theories of linguistic materiality, visual network analysis (VNA) and case study methodology. The collected material in the study consists of both quantitative and qualitative data: student texts and source texts, video and screen recordings, and also interviews with the teacher and students participating in the project.

Central to the study is the question of how human and digital actors interact while writing, and which role technology plays in this process. The study reveals that the student texts are produced through a number of negotiations and trials of strength between students, search engines, digital source texts and writing software. Search engines greatly influence the planning processes in that they select, prioritize and promote other actors' texts, and indeed specific parts of these texts. The source texts affect the composition of student texts by circulating, replicating and, in some cases, mutating the linguistic material into

their texts. Writing software affects students' spelling through writing suggestions and corrective interruptions in the digital environment. The production of the student texts can thus be seen as transformations of linguistic material originating in the digital actors that participate in the writing process, and to some extent originating in the students themselves.

In several of the situations observed in these two collaborative writing cases, it is the digital actors that seem to have the greatest power of negotiation and impact. A practical implication for writing education can therefore be to strengthen lower secondary school students' critical approach and ability to negotiate with digital actors, so that students can make more independent choices while writing, also when collaboratively writing with each other and through digital technology.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {phdthesis}

}

@phdthesis{nokey,

title = {A market analysis of customer-connected mass energy storage},

author = {Neil McIlwaine},

url = {https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.854974

https://pure.qub.ac.uk/files/320007520/Thesis_Neil_McIlwaine_rev_33rev1_NMC.pdf},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-06-01},

urldate = {2022-06-01},

institution = {Queen's University Belfast},

abstract = {The electricity operators on the island of Ireland have policy objectives to generate at least 70% of electricity from renewable sources by 2030. The source of this renewable power will mainly be wind and storage is needed to facilitate this transition. However, to date the roll out and market uptake of storage has been slow in the Irish grid. Therefore, this research undertook a market analysis of the technical and economic value of distributed mass energy storage to examine storage considering these targets. The research uses the Irish market as a case study with specific modelling on the Northern Ireland system which is a subset of the overall market. The modelling and the results of the research are applicable and relevant to all regions which operate with a high share of renewables. The research had four parts. In part 1, a global techno-economic review of the status of energy storage and power quality services focusing on ten countries with differing political, social, and economic trends was undertaken. This led to a combined strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) appraisal informed by the data and information from the ten countries response to embedded and distributed renewable generation and storage. The SWOT analysis is then coupled to a Pugh chart to indicate optimal concept choice in the later analyses. Then in part 2, a gap analysis of the ten countries to determine the frameworks and approaches used to regulate, plan, and operate retail electricity markets was carried out in order to inform the modelling. Next in part 3, a suite of financial models was developed to quantify the market revenue available for battery storage investment that could provide ancillary services, network congestion relief and response to local system events. Then a dynamic economic dispatch model in MATLAB was developed to test the economic production schedule with and without battery storage and a unit commitment model was developed to determine the costs of providing system reserve using fossil fuel generation so a comparison could be made in the scenario where the reserve is provided by battery storage. The key finding is that the revenue available from the current schemes are insufficient to attract investment in energy storage. It is recommended that system operators reform the existing schemes, design new schemes and look to the wider benefits that energy storage brings to fossil fuels generation. Finally, in part 4, a unit commitment wholesale electricity market model of the SEM focusing on the Northern Ireland system was developed in Energy Exemplar's PLEXOS for Power Systems. It makes for an interesting case study for other jurisdictions as it is an electrically isolated grid with limited interconnection and storage but operating with a high share of renewables. Here four combinations of wind generation and load were assessed to measure the effect of varying levels of battery storage. The benefits of storage were clearly demonstrated with reductions in emission levels and generation costs, load smoothing, ramping reduction, reduced maintenance and reduced curtailment of renewables. For example, the monthly model run with 300 MW of battery storage at 70% SNSP resulted in a generation cost decrease of £500k, an emission decrease of 28k tonnes CO2, and total ramping decrease of 478 hours compared to the no storage scenario. Currently revenue streams for provision of these benefits associated with generation and demonstrated by the modelling do not exist. Therefore, it is recommended that these services are properly valued in order to attract future investment. Overall, this research clearly demonstrates the gap that exists between the positive benefits of battery storage and the less than adequate revenue being pitched to attract investment into technology to achieve climate change targets with recommendations made to address this based on the findings. In fact, an optimum level of storage exists which is dependent on demand and wind generation. The research in this thesis indicates this level to be between 200 MW and 300 MW. A report published in the year 2021 by the system operator stated an expected storage in Northern Ireland of 200 MW by 2030. Therefore, this expected storage rating needs revised based on the results of the research. The key recommendation is that the regulators and the grid operators urgently revisit the current schemes and restructure them otherwise we may have power quality and supply issues into the future as current fossil fuel, mainly gas generators are mothballed. },

note = {EThOS ID: uk.bl.ethos.854974},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {phdthesis}

}

@phdthesis{Lejeune2022,

title = {Médiévistes et ordinateurs. Organisations collectives, pratiques des sources et conséquences historiographiques (1966-1990)},

author = {Edgar Lejeune},

url = {https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03598652},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-03-05},

urldate = {2022-03-05},

abstract = {Dès la fin des années 1950, l'irruption des calculateurs électroniques dans les sciences humaines et sociales a profondément affecté les pratiques des chercheurs qui se sont saisis de ces nouveaux outils de classement et de calcul. Cette thèse vise à analyser certaines transformations historiographiques que ces innovations techniques ont provoquées, en se concentrant sur un large groupe d’historiens médiévistes mettant en œuvre ces instruments pour mener leurs recherches entre 1966 et 1990.

Mes problématiques s’organisent autour de deux préoccupations principales. Tout d’abord, ce travail s’interroge sur l’apparition de nouvelles formes d’organisation collective de la recherche, à l’échelle des équipes de recherche comme de la discipline elle-même. Ma thèse montre comment ces formes s’articulent à la production, à la manipulation et à la mise en circulation de nouveaux types de textes (bordereaux de saisies, cartes perforées, programmes informatiques, manuels de codage, mais également bulletin de liaison).

De plus, cette thèse se propose d’analyser les transformations des méthodes des historiens liées à l’utilisation des moyens électroniques. J’y mets en évidence que le recours aux calculateurs électroniques et aux ensembles de savoirs associés à leurs utilisations (analyse de données, analyse automatique de textes, informatique documentaire) impliquait l’emploi de technologies intellectuelles (matrices, graphes, listes, index, inventaires, thesaurus, etc...) qui requéraient une formalisation accrue des opérations de recherche des médiévistes, tout en étant dotées, dans ce contexte de fonctions originales.

Pour travailler à ces problématiques, la méthodologie développée dans ce travail repose sur deux convictions. Tout d’abord, j’y développe l’idée qu’il faut appliquer à l’histoire des sciences humaines et sociales les méthodes développées par les historiens

des sciences. Ensuite, celle qu’il est nécessaire, pour saisir les pratiques des historiens, d’étudier les textes sur lesquels reposent ces pratiques. Cette seconde direction nous a conduit à emprunter des méthodes de recherche à la linguistique, et en particulier à l’analyse de discours.

Cette thèse est ainsi construite en trois parties. Dans la première, je propose une analyse de deux projets de recherches menés par des médiévistes français entre 1966 et 1990, aux fins de comparer leurs organisations collectives (taille des équipes, présence d’informaticien, type de financement, outils de calculs employés), les influences extra-disciplinaires qu’ils subissent dans l’élaboration de leurs méthodes (démographie, géographie, linguistique, sociologie), mais aussi les méthodes qu’ils mettent en œuvre (lexicométrie, histoire quantitative) et les conséquences historiographiques de ces travaux.

Dans la deuxième partie de cette thèse, je traite des processus par lesquels certains collectifs engagés dans l’utilisation des ordinateurs se sont organisés à une échelle méta-collective, dans le but de faire circuler les produits de leurs recherches (éditions, bases de données, programmes informatiques, etc...) et des méthodes et des techniques qu’ils avaient pu développer au cours de leurs expériences respectives. L’analyse porte sur une initiative française, à portée européenne, qui démarre avec l’organisation d’un colloque à Rome en 1975 et se poursuit par la mise en œuvre d’une publication en 1979, intitulé Le Médiéviste et l’ordinateur. Ce bulletin de liaison devient, dès lors, l’un des vecteurs privilégiés de la circulation des méthodes et de la construction d’une culture scientifique commune.

La troisième et dernière partie est quant à elle consacrée aux modalités des échanges qui prennent forme dans les pages de ce bulletin de liaison. Deux directions sont explorées : 1) le genre d’article qui s’y développe en relation avec la nécessité de faire circuler de nouveaux types de connaissances techniques et 2) les difficultés qu’ont pu rencontrer les utilisateurs de ces méthodes dans le partage de ce type de savoir avec certains de leurs collègues, d’un point de vue technique, mais également épistémologique.},

note = {Histoire, Philosophie et Sociologie des sciences. Université de Paris / Université Paris Diderot (Paris 7)},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {phdthesis}

}

@phdthesis{Poletti2021,

title = {Global freedoms and viral harms: The controversy around governance of speech and social media.},

author = {Chiara Poletti},

url = {https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/145885},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-12-03},

school = {Cardiff University},

abstract = {In the study I address the controversy surrounding the governance of speech and social media communications. In less than 15 years, the regulation of content on social media platforms has increasingly taken over public discussions all over the globe. Social media’s charming narrative of ‘liberation technology’ and space of free speech, has progressively switched into the frightening character of ‘threat to democracy’ and space of hate speech and fake information. Whichever idea one might be leaning on, the diffusion and entanglement of social media platforms with every aspect of our society has made content regulation on social media a global public issue.

Scholars have stressed how governance of speech has been in the hand of a plurality of actors, in a plurality of settings. In the lack of a single decision-making process, governance initiatives emerge as a reaction to public shocks. In this study, I investigate how public shocks have contributed to regulation initiatives. Using theoretical concepts from Actor-Network Theory (ANT) and critical data studies and the methodological tools from controversy mapping, I have analysed narratives about free speech, technology and governance models on websites and in the UK press from 2015 until 2018. The analysis reveals public bodies have increasingly assigned public policy responsibilities to social media and their technology (algorithms and A.I.). However, they miss considerations about the social implication of this type of governance of speech, which reinforces the structure of organisation of platform economy and algorithmic management of social life. With this study, I hope to contribute to the empirical study of governance of speech as well as presenting a normative reflection on the type of governance. I also include a meta-reflection on the role of researchers, and in particular on how this methodology and theory can expose the

paradoxes hidden in the black boxes of technology.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {phdthesis}

}

@phdthesis{Gourdon2021,

title = {La coopération entre villes européennes : convergences dans l'action publique urbaine par la circulation transnationale de modèles},

author = {Paul Gourdon},

url = {https://theses.hal.science/tel-03684225

https://theses.hal.science/tel-03684225/file/Gourdon.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-30},

urldate = {2021-11-30},

school = {Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I},

abstract = {Cette thèse examine les relations politiques entre villes européennes depuis 2000. Nous analysons les systèmes de relations formés par les projets de coopération de l’Union Européenne et par les associations transnationales de municipalités, grâce à la construction de deux bases de données. Notre démarche exploratoire fondée sur l’analyse spatiale, l’analyse de réseaux et la statistique textuelle, permet de décrire l’espace européen de coopération, d’étudier les réseaux d’affiliation et d’analyser les modèles urbains qui circulent à travers ces canaux. L’objectif est de repenser le transnational comme processus à travers lequel des politiques locales sont sélectionnées, comparées et érigées en "best practices", renforçant ainsi des normes d’action publique à l’échelle européenne. La coopération entre villes se déploie sur de larges ensembles régionaux et témoigne de niveaux d’internationalisation congruents avec la taille et le statut administratif des villes. Si les plus petites villes sont moins impliquées, leur participation peut s’avérer déterminante pour gagner en visibilité et porter une voix collective. Les politiques locales, telles que médiatisées au sein des réseaux, participent à la circulation de discours sur le pouvoir urbain s’exprimant dans la langue du néolibéralisme. Toutefois, l’étude de la construction de la catégorie des « petites villes » révèle un paysage plus complexe où coexistent la tentation d’entrer dans la compétition interurbaine et des stratégies écologistes et sociales de long terme, contestant alors le tropisme métropolitain des politiques étatiques et de l’UE ainsi que les apories du développement géographique inégal inhérent au capitalisme.},

note = {HAL Id : tel-03684225 , version 1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {phdthesis}

}

@phdthesis{Blank-Gomel2021,

title = {Traffic accidents and the risks of cycling: A sociological perspective},

author = { Rony Blank-Gomel},

url = {https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/vt150p658},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-04-19},

address = {Montréal},

school = {McGill University},

abstract = {Traffic accidents generate a heavy burden in deaths, bodily harm and monetary costs, and there are growing concerns regarding the unintended consequences of traffic safety policies. Yet, they are marginal in the sociological literature. Drawing on the sociology of knowledge, I explore the construction and spread of truth claims regarding traffic accidents and traffic safety, focusing on accounts of the risks of cycling and specifically the role of bicycle helmets. I use this case to contribute to several sociological debates.

I used a mixed methods approach. I constructed a dataset of 1,902 articles, published 1970-2014, and identified the main themes characterizing different periods using bibliometric and network analysis mapping tools. This was complemented by 19 in-depth interviews; close readings of influential texts; and a qualitative analysis of 665 relevant news stories, published 1970-1995.

In the first chapter I contribute to the sociology of risk by examining if Beck’s risk society thesis, criticized for neglecting mundane risks, can be used to account for historical transformations in expert discourse regarding the risks of cycling. Drawing on the mapping of academic debates, I describe the bicycle helmets’ journey from the margins to the center of accounts of the risks of cycling, and the growing challenges to their position at the core of national policies. I argue that this process corresponds to the risk society thesis, including the transformation of bicycle helmets from mechanical objects into ‘quasi objects’.

In the second chapter I contribute to the sociology of mobilities, in which the development of traffic safety measures, including bicycle helmets, is often attributed to automobility, a car-dominated mobility regime. However, only few studies analyzed how automobility exerted such an influence. Drawing on Actor-Network Theory, I examine how helmet-oriented accounts of the risks of cycling succeeded in expanding their reach in the United States. I demonstrate the constitutive role of non-humans in this process and highlight changes in how participants were represented as well as the different interpretations of the term ‘effectiveness’. I describe this expansion as a non-linear, contingent process and argue against the use of automobility as an explanatory factor.

In the third chapter I review sociological studies of traffic accidents and traffic safety, published 1940-2017. Using a systematic search I constructed a dataset of 266 articles that I examined using qualitative text analysis. The results demonstrate that sociological interest in these issues has been marginal and sporadic, but diverse. I discuss the major themes emerging from this literature, including the relations between traffic accidents and suicides, group differences in risk, human-technology relations, the public marginality of traffic accidents, and their unintended consequences. I then discuss the sociological neglect of traffic accidents and offer venues for further research.

The thesis problematizes the view of traffic accidents and traffic safety as mundane issues, explores the sociological relevance of these issues and suggest heuristic avenues for further research. Potential audiences include sociologists interested in knowledge, mobilities, risk and accidents, traffic safety experts, activists, and policymakers.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {phdthesis}

}

@phdthesis{Gray2020,

title = {Tweeting About Women:  A Critical Discourse Analysis of International Women’s Day on Twitter},

author = {Daniel Gray},

url = {https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/137810/

https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/137810/1/Thesis%20Daniel%20Gray%20Corrected%201-11-2020%282%29.pdf},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-11-01},

urldate = {2020-11-01},

address = {Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT},

school = {School of Social Sciences},

abstract = {This thesis is a work of critical digital sociology, investigating discourse which occurred on International Women’s Day 2017 (IWD2017) on Twitter, a widely used social media network, using innovative methodology. The principle finding presented in this thesis is methodological. I demonstrate that it is possible and productive to bring together qualitative analysis and so-called ‘big data’, specifically a large quantity of tweets, via innovative and original methodology, while preserving the unique and valuable affordances of critical, qualitative, theory-informed analysis.

Alongside demonstrating this, I also present a range of analytic findings related to the discourse I have analysed. The analytic findings include the use of popular and ‘fringe’ hashtags in linking mainstream and right-wing/reactionary topics, the prominence of anti- feminism and anti-Islam sentiment in discourse associated with supporters of US president Donald Trump, the antifeminist discursive splitting of feminism and feminists into benign and maligned categories, and the ways women are constructed by Twitter accounts representing police and armed forces.

Methodologically, this thesis provides a detailed account of the practicalities, challenges and strategies involved in approaching big social media data as a critical researcher using qualitative analysis. In doing so I argue that big social media data may be a fruitful area for qualitative work, but that in approaching it we should not discard our previous theoretical, analytical and ethical frameworks.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {phdthesis}

}

@phdthesis{Trabelsi2020,

title = {Geographies of green and health in Belgium: measurements, opportunities, and challenges},

author = {Sonia Trabelsi},

url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/237672

https://dial.uclouvain.be/pr/boreal/object/boreal%3A237672/datastream/PDF_01/view.pdf},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-02-28},

urldate = {2020-02-28},

school = {Université catholique de Louvain},

abstract = {With an expected increase in urban population and the burden of healthcare costs, the role of the environment for human health has become a topical issue in the scientific and political debate. Numerous studies have investigated the benefits of green spaces on specific morbidities and mortalities while governments are looking to green environments as an alternative to improve citizens' wellbeing and decrease healthcare expenditures. This thesis first explores the definitions and measures of "green" through an analysis of the literature and empirical tests conducted on four landuse data sources in Belgium. It shows that the choice of the measure of green, as well as its level of aggregation, can lead to contradictory conclusions concerning the associations between green and health. Then, using medication reimbursement data recently made available in Belgium, this thesis investigates spatial associations of five groups of medication (a priori associated with the environment) with green spaces. At different scales and at different aggregation levels, medication reimbursement data appear not to be a proxy of individual health but of healthcare practices. Spatial variations of reimbursement are rather linked to exogenous factors such as education of the practitioners, or pharmaceutical and commercial practices. This thesis emphasizes the importance of a clear definition and interpretation of environmental and health data to correctly inform decision makers, particularly when data in use are diverted from their original aim and include spatial information. There is a clear risk of misinterpretation when using new types of data without a multidisciplinary perspective.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {phdthesis}

}

@phdthesis{Provençal2020,

title = {Le Développement durable comme signifiant vide:l’hétérogénéité de la question énergétique},

author = {Josée Provençal},

url = {https://ruor.uottawa.ca/bitstream/10393/40591/3/Provencal_Josee_2020_Th%C3%A8se.pdf},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

school = {Université d’Ottawa},

abstract = {Largement répandu au sein des populations, le concept de développement durable semble  désormais  incontestable,  tout  en  étant  critiqué  pour  l'ambiguïté  de  sa signification.Qu’est-ce qui se trouve exactement derrière le déploiement du discours politique   relatif   au   développement   durable ?   Comment   le   discours   sur   le développement  durable  est-il  devenu  si  dominant  malgré  le  fait  qu’il  acquiert  de nombreuses significations, parfois divergentes ? L’apport de cette thèse au discours sur le développement durable ne se trouve pas dans la présentation de l’édification et de l’institutionnalisation de ce concept, mais réside plutôt dans sa capacité à rendre visibles les conflits inhérents aux sens à donner au développement durable au sein du discours politique. Notre questionnement sur les sens attribués au développement durable vise dans un premier temps à comprendre si celui-ci est un signifiant vide ou flottant. Dans  la présentation des  luttes  en  cours pour  le sens  à  octroyer  au développement durable, cette thèse s’attarde au rôle qu’occupe l’énergie au sein de la signification du discours,un rôle souvent tenu pour acquis ou du moins peu énoncé. Ainsi, dans un deuxième temps,nous cherchons à comprendre quel est le rôle occupé par   l’énergie   quant   au   cadrage   (framing)   du   discours   politique   relatif   au développement  durable.La  contribution  de  cette  thèse  est  méthodologique,  elle associe l’analyse discursive post structuraliste d’Ernesto Laclau et Chantal Mouffe à l’analyse  quantitative  de  l’analyse  des  réseaux  sémantiques. La  clé  de  l’analyse discursive de Laclau et Mouffe s’inscrit dans l’importance qu’ils accordent au rôle de l’hégémonie  au  sein  des  luttes  discursives  à  travers  l’articulation  du  discours. L’analyse de réseau, pour sa part, rend visibles les agencements centraux à travers une structure centre-périphérie. Cela permet de faire émerger les luttes discursives en  cours. Cette  thèse  cherche  à  saisir  la  nature  des  relations  et  des  conflits  qui structurent le sens attribué au développement durable. En faisant entendre les voix exclues et les voix qui en contestent l’articulation hégémonique, il devient possible de percevoir les antagonismes et les possibles recompositions du discours. Cette étude démontre  que  le  sens  attribué  au  développement  durable  est fixe et  que  l’énergie, bien qu’énoncée par plusieurs acteurs, n'acquiert qu’un caractère fragmenté. },

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {phdthesis}

}

@phdthesis{Stephens2020,

title = {Circuits alimentaires alternatifs et transition du régime de "provision". Etude sociotechnique dans le contexte francilien.},

author = {Raphaël Stephens},

url = {https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02889441},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

school = {Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France},

abstract = {Le système alimentaire peut-il changer ? Critiques à l’égard du régime dominant la provision, des phénomènes alternatifs proposent, depuis plus d’une vingtaine d’années, d’améliorer la durabilité, la qualité et la transparence de la provision alimentaire en raccourcissant les liens entre producteurs et consommateurs. Les discours, les pratiques et les innovations de ces Alternative Food Networks (« AFN ») génèrent, à travers leurs multiples oppositions aux logiques du régime de provision alimentaire industriel, des frictions chez celui-ci. A l’aune de l’essor spectaculaire d’une variété assez hétéroclite d’AFN ces dernières années, ce régime développe crescendo des questionnements et des prises sur l’alimentation locale. La théorisation de ces frictions peut bénéficier avantageusement de l'approche multi-niveaux (Multi Level Perspective, ou « MLP »), cadre théorique et méthodologique de recherche en étude des transitions qui permet une lecture évolutionniste des régimes sociotechniques, notamment dans leurs rapports avec les niches d’innovations alternatives. Avec l’appui d’analyses sociohistoriques robustes et un travail de terrain, il est alors possible de réfléchir les modalités d’une transition du régime de provision alimentaire par le raccourcissement des relations entre producteurs et mangeurs.La thèse propose alors deux focales d’analyse : le régime de provision alimentaire ; et les réseaux alimentaires alternatifs. Elle fait appel à une méthodologie composite adressant des données de natures hétérogènes tirées de terrains distribués : analyse discursive par lexicométrie, analyse de traces numériques, étude d’agencements institutionnels, entretiens approfondis, observations de type ethnographique. A la recherche d’une théorisation de moyenne portée, la thèse cible, dans leurs questionnements locaux, des acteurs-clés représentatifs de plusieurs compétences du régime de provision : distribution ; filière fruits et légumes ; salons alimentaires. Les objets alternatifs étudiés rendent compte d’une multiplicité de formes d’existence. Parce-que ces alternatives sont partiellement imbriquées avec certains dispositifs du régime dominant, cela conduit la thèse vers l’étude approfondie de l’une d’entre elles, très particulière du fait :(i) de son architecture se trouvant à la croisée des alternatives alimentaires et de réseaux numériques-matériels portés par des plateformes technologiques, et (ii) d’une qualité de données assez inédite.A partir de cette approche empirique distribuée, la thèse contribue à la caractérisation d’une transition vers un régime de provision numérique-matériel axé sur la prosumption par customisation transparente. Présentant la fin des années 2000 comme point d’inflexion du régime, la conjonction d’une crise de modèle de provision avec l’explosion du numérique accompagné d'un foisonnement continu de revendications et de pratiques alternatives, semblent en mesure d’accélérer un chemin de transition par reconfiguration du régime. Les prémices de cette reconfiguration se manifestent à travers de multiples évolutions discursives observées au sein du régime, ainsi que dans l’incorporation et l’agencement, en son sein, de phénomènes alternatifs qui participent crescendo à la caractérisation de nouvelles priorités qui redéfinissent les spécifications des aliments, les pratiques de provision, et les flux de provision. La valeur accrue de produits alimentaires enrichis de nouvelles spécifications alternatives véhiculées au travers de nouvelles proximités virtuelles et matérielles intiment ainsi au régime des interrogations sur le potentiel que présente le raccourcissement. Effectuant une confluence de trois champs d’études (transitions ; alternatives alimentaires ; prosumption) relativement peu liés jusque lors, la thèse ouvre ainsi des perspectives de recherche sur les capacités de tels marchés raccourcis à capter l’attention de prosumers alimentaires eux-aussi en plein essor.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {phdthesis}

}

@phdthesis{Milia2019,

title = {Energy as a Horizon. A Study of the Evolution of a Global Research Area on Renewable Energies and its Specificities in Mexico and Argentina between 1992 and 2016.},

author = {Matías Federico Milia},

url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350358514_Global_trends_local_threads_The_Thematic_Orientation_of_Renewable_Energy_Research_in_Mexico_and_Argentina_between_1992_and_2016

},

doi = {/10.5530/jscires.10.1.x},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-09-01},

urldate = {2019-09-01},

school = {Flacso, México},

abstract = {Scientific research has been thought of as a major tool to face the great challenges of our time. By stressing the role of concepts as governance technologies that mediate between science and society, this thesis builds on the emergence and consolidation of a research area around the concept of Renewable Energies. It focuses on the time span that goes from 1992 to 2016, a 26-year period where a climate governance scheme has emerged and given a global relevance to the quest for new forms of energy. Building on the analysis of scientific literature, it takes special attention to the different ways researchers all over the world have interpreted this same concept. It highlights two national cases, namely Argentina and México, stressing how these two Latin-American countries have inserted themselves in a global scenario. At the same time, it takes special attention to the national specificities of their own enterprises. Using methods from computational social sciences, it analyses the ways that social relevance has been constructed on parliamentary debates and national press. This work shows how different thematic clusters develop around the concept of renewables and how they evolve over time and take mainly national particularities. It builds conclusions from a theoretical and methodological point of view by problematizing the current knowledge production regime, its growing strategic bias and the ways that new knowledge production frames can be thought of when facing future-oriented questions.},

note = {ORCID ID: 0000-0001-8474-5373},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {phdthesis}

}

@phdthesis{Rabinovich2019,

title = {The Profit-Investment Puzzle under Financialisation : An empirical enquiry on financial and productive accumulation by non-financial corporations},

author = {Joel Rabinovich},

url = {https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02957676},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-07-09},

urldate = {2019-07-09},

school = {Université Sorbonne Paris Cité},

abstract = {This thesis studies the different strategies that have allowed listed non-financial corporations to remain profitable while investing less and increasingly distributing funds to shareholders under financialisation. This feeble link between profitability and investment is usually denominated as the profit-investment puzzle. Part 1 of this thesis locates historically and theoretically this puzzle. Whereas the financialisation literature has generally been limited to show the negative effects of the distribution of funds to share holders for capital expenditures, we show that the coexistence of high levels of profits (and payouts) with low levels of investment was possible due to the simultaneous engagement of these non-financial corporations in other activities. Part 2 examines one type of answer that we denominate the financial turn of accumulation. The solution to the puzzle in this case implies a shift in the activities of NFCs to financial accumulation and profits. However, throughout this part we provide substantive evidence that rejects this alternative. Part 3 of the thesis moves away from financial accumulation and directs towards the realm of the productive sphere by focusing on production offshoring and intangible accumulation. This part, contrary to the previous one, provides strong and promising results in the explanation of the puzzle.},

note = {HAL Id : tel-02957676 , version 1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {phdthesis}

}

@phdthesis{Lerner2019,

title = {A mentalidade conservadora no Brasil: uma análise da interação política em redes sociais digitais},

author = {Celina Lerner},

url = {https://zenodo.org/record/3227644

https://bdtd.ibict.br/vufind/Record/UFBC_ffb4886564e028758ad091d0cecca37e},

doi = {10.5281/zenodo.3227643},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-05-24},

urldate = {2019-05-24},

school = {PCHS/UFABC (Programa em Ciências Humanas e Sociais / Universidade Federal do ABC)},

abstract = {Expressões conservadoras despontaram com força nas redes sociais na Internet, nas ruas e nas urnas em diversas partes do globo nesta segunda década do século XXI. Com foco na manifestação brasileira do fenômeno, este trabalho analisa interações sobre política na rede social digital Facebook entre os anos de 2012 e 2018, período de grande turbulência na política brasileira que culmina com a ascensão do governo nacional mais conservador desde a redemocratização. O objetivo principal do trabalho é realizar uma descrição densa da mentalidade conservadora: identificar os recursos simbólicos mobilizados na construção de sentidos pela base social dessa atual corrente política. Utilizando uma abordagem abdutiva e métodos mistos para a análise de grandes quantidades de dados sociais digitais, resgatamos os princípios da Sociologia do Conhecimento ao enfocar o pensamento como um objeto social de caráter coletivo. Mapeamos uma grande rede de Páginas Públicas ligadas ao conservadorismo no Facebook e descobrimos que atores da esfera política, religiosa, militar, midiática e defensores da economia liberal articularam-se em torno da bandeira anti-esquerdista. Selecionamos páginas representativas das diferentes frentes dessa articulação e coletamos comentários realizados em suas postagens nesses seis anos, num total de mais de 900 mil comentários. Abordando textos como dados, aplicamos um modelo de representação de textos em redes de palavras. Pela análise dessas redes semânticas, identificamos os principais elementos e operadores da mentalidade conservadora latente nas interações no Facebook. A mentalidade que emergiu dos comentários tem Brasil, Deus e homem - com mulher e crianças - como elementos centrais. Esses elementos positivos estabelecem entre si relações de proteção e subserviência. Fora desse núcleo central, estão os elementos negativos - comunistas, petistas, esquerdistas, vagabundos, corruptos, feministas e gays -, entendidos como ameaças e com os quais a única relação possível é o combate por meio da força},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {phdthesis}

}

@phdthesis{Perruchas2019,

title = {Green Innovation: an empirical analysis of technology, skills and policy},

author = {François Perruchas},

url = {https://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/119965},

doi = {10.4995/Thesis/10251/119965},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-05-22},

urldate = {2019-05-22},

school = {Universitat Politècnica de València. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería del Diseño - Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria del Disseny },

abstract = {The foreseeable outcomes of the transition towards low-carbon economies are multiple and affect in different ways policy-makers, world regions, firms and consumers. It has long been acknowledged that at the core of this transition stand environmental innovations which are developed to enhance the long-term sustainability of economic growth. The main pillars of this study are two. First, environmental challenges are different, and so are the responses that are needed to tackle them. The main consequence of this is that the current focus on green technology as a homogeneous block of undifferentiated entities is misleading. Second, the adaptation of production and distribution systems is ultimately carried through by human labour and analysing the transition to environmentally sustainable societies requires a thorough understanding of how work activities are designed, implemented and changed to accommodate new policy imperatives and/or new technological opportunities. Empirical evidence on either of these two pillars is scant or fragmented. The present thesis seeks to fill these gaps through the development of a database on green innovations, of a measure of the life cycle of green technologies, and of the corresponding explorations to scrutinize the relation between green technology production, the territories' characteristics and skills' base of labour market over time and space. The dataset is created identifying green patent in PATSTAT 2016a database using ENV-TECH classification (OECD, 2016) and geolocalizing their inventors. The result is a database covering green innovation worldwide from the 19$^{th}$ century to 2015, even if the period studied is smaller: 1970-2010. This dataset permits a first overview of green technologies evolution over time and space, where we can see differences in terms of country evolution and among technologies in terms of complexity, maybe related with the presence of an heteregeneous body of emerging and mature technologies. To explore further this hypothesis, we develop a methodology to measure technology life cycle stages, and we apply it to understand the patterns of evolution of green technology production at country level. We find that capabilities are more important than wealth to diversify in green innovation, and mature green technologies are positively associated with specialization. We continue the exploration of the relation between local capabilities, life cycle and patent activity in US federal states where we discover that green innovation is more associated than innovation in general with the recombination of distant knowledge, especially in early phases of the life cycle. Finally, we investigate at US commuting zones level the effects of public procurement on green innovation, taking into account local capabilities again, but using labour market skills instead of knowledge recombination variety. We find that green public procurement has a positive and significant effect, in particular in territories with an important share of abstract skills in labour population.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {phdthesis}

}

@phdthesis{Vigni2018,

title = {Les systèmes complexes et la digitalisation des sciences. Histoire et sociologie des instituts de la complexité aux États-Unis et en France},

author = {Guido Fabrizio Li Vigni},

url = {http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH134},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-11-26},

urldate = {2018-11-26},

abstract = {Comment penser la relation entre les cultures scientifiques contemporaines et l’usage grandissant de l’ordinateur dans la production des savoirs ? Cette thèse se propose de donner une réponse à telle question à partir de l’analyse historique et sociologique d’un domaine scientifique fondé par le Santa Fe Institute (SFI) dans les années 1980 aux États-Unis : les « sciences des systèmes complexes » (SSC). Rendues célèbres par des publications grand-public, les SSC se répandent au cours des années 1990 et 2000 en Europe et dans d’autres pays du monde. Ce travail propose une histoire de la fondation de ce domaine en se concentrant sur le SFI et sur le Réseau National des Systèmes Complexes français. Avec un regard sociologique ancré dans les Science & Technology Studies et dans le courant pragmatiste, elle pose ensuite des questions sur le statut socio-épistémique de ce domaine, sur les modalités de l’administration de la preuve dans des savoirs fondés sur la simulation numérique et enfin sur les engagements épistémiques tenus par les spécialistes des systèmes complexes. Le matériau empirique – composé d’environ 200 entretiens, plusieurs milliers de pages d’archives et quelques visites de laboratoire – nous amène non seulement à mieux connaître ce champ de recherche – dont le langage est très répandu aujourd’hui, mais peu étudié par les historiens et les sociologues ; il nous porte aussi à questionner trois opinions courantes dans la littérature humaniste à propos des sciences numériques. À savoir : 1) l’ordinateur produit des connaissances de plus en plus interdisciplinaires, 2) il donne vie à des savoirs de type nouveau qui nécessitent une toute autre épistémologie pour être pensés et 3) il fait inévitablement advenir des visions du monde néolibérales. Or, cette thèse déconstruit ces trois formes de déterminisme technologique concernant les effets de l’ordinateur sur les pratiques scientifiques, en montrant d’abord que, dans les sciences computationnelles, les rapports interdisciplinaires ne se font pas sans effort ni pacifiquement ou sur pied d’égalité ; ensuite que les chercheurs et les chercheuses des SSC mobilisent des formes d’administration de la preuve déjà mises au point dans d’autres disciplines ; et enfin que les engagements épistémiques des scientifiques peuvent prendre une forme proche de la vision (néo)libérale, mais aussi des formes qui s’en éloignent ou qui s’y opposent.},

note = {Thèse de doctorat dirigée par Chateauraynaud, Francis Sociologie Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE) 2018



2018PSLEH134},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {phdthesis}

}

@phdthesis{Bareille2018,

title = {Agricultural management of ecosystem services: insights from production and environmental economics},

author = {François Bareille},

url = {https://www.theses.fr/2018NSARE050.pdf},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-11-15},

urldate = {2018-11-15},

school = {Université Bretagne Loire},

abstract = {The thesis aims to study both theoretically and empirically the management of ecosystem services by the farmers from the perspective of the economic theory. The concept of ecosystem services is an interdisciplinary concept that refers to "the services that nature offers to human for free". The economic literature has mainly investigated this concept in measuring the value of these services, with few attention to the behavior of agents modifying these services. The thesis is divided into two parts. In the first part, I study both the supply and the demand for the productive ecosystem services (for example, pollination or biological control) by analyzing the behavior of farmers, considered as potential agroecosystem managers. Inspired by the literature on landscape ecology, I introduce biodiversity indicators that are function of land-use into existing models from agricultural production economics literature. This reunion provides a unified theoretical model for analyzing farmers' choices regarding the management of productive ecosystem services. The empirical works consists in estimating all or parts of this theoretical model. My main contribution to the literature is to prove, based on the farmers' observed behavior, that farmers do manage productive ecosystem services. I bring other elements to the literature, notably by providing new insights on the agricultural technology when productive ecosystem services are considered, or by showing that collective management of productive ecosystem services can only rarely arise spontaneously in real landscapes where farmers are heterogeneous. In the second part, I study the demand for the jointly provided public goods by the farmers’ modification of ecosystem service flows, i.e. I study the specificities of the demand for environmental services provided by farmers (in the sense of Engel et al., 2008). In particular, I study the role of the geographic scale of the demand for the design of agri-environmental policy. Indeed, if local public goods influence the welfare of the agents within a defined geographical area (e.g., the improvement of water quality by maintaining a wetland upstream of a treatment plant), global public goods can influence the welfare of all agents (e.g., the carbon sequestration into the soil of a wetland). In this part, I apply the framework of several literatures developed in environmental economics (for example, the literature on environmental federalism or on the "distance-decay") to the specificities of the environmental services provided by farmers; in particular, I integrate that the environmental service provided by a farmer affects the supply of multiple public goods in most cases, the demand for these public goods arising at different geographical scales. I contribute to the literature by showing that, although most of the demand  for environmental services provided by farmers is captured locally (at the municipal level), some of the demand is captured by larger and farer areas. This has implications for the governance and the design of agri-environmental policies, which I explore through two examples: the reduction of pesticide application and the maintenance of agricultural wetlands.},

note = {HAL Id : tel-02790452 , version 1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {phdthesis}

}

@phdthesis{Ruiz2017,

title = {Concept-based and relation-based corpus navigation : applications of natural language processing in digital humanities},

author = {Pablo Ruiz},

url = {https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01575167v2},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-06-23},

urldate = {2017-06-23},

school = {PSL Research University},

abstract = {Social sciences and Humanities research is often based on large textual corpora, that it would be unfeasible to read in detail.  Natural Language Processing (NLP) can identify important concepts and actors mentioned in a corpus, as well as the relations between them. Such information can provide an overview of the corpus useful for domain-experts, and help identify corpus areas relevant for a given research question. To automatically annotate corpora relevant for Digital Humanities (DH), the NLP technologies we  applied  are, first, Entity Linking, to identify corpus actors and concepts. Second, the relations between actors and concepts were determined based on an NLP pipeline which provides semantic role labeling and syntactic dependencies among other information. Part I outlines the state of the art, paying attention to how the technologies have been applied in DH. Generic NLP tools were used. As the efficacy of NLP methods depends on the corpus, some technological development was undertaken, described in Part II, in order to better adapt to the corpora in our case studies. Part II also shows an intrinsic evaluation of the technology developed, with satisfactory results. The technologies were applied to three very different corpora, as described in Part III. First, the manuscripts of Jeremy Bentham. This is a 18th–19th century corpus in political philosophy. Second, the Poli Informatics corpus, with heterogeneous materials about the American financial crisis of 2007–2008. Finally, the Earth Negotiations Bulletin (ENB), which covers international climate summits since 1995, where treaties like the Kyoto Protocol or the Paris Agreements get negotiated. For each corpus, navigation interfaces were developed. These user interfaces (UI) combine networks, full-text search and structured search based on NLP annotations. As an example, in the ENB corpus interface, which covers climate policy negotiations, searches can be performed based on relational information identified in the corpus: The negotiation actors having discussed a given issue using verbs indicating supportor opposition can be searched, as well as all statements where a given actor has expressed support or opposition. Relation information is employed, beyond simple co-occurrence between corpus terms. The UIs were evaluated qualitatively with domain-experts, to assess their potential usefulness for research in the experts’ domains. First, we payed attention to whether the corpus representations we created correspond to  experts’ knowledge of thecorpus, as an indication of the sanity of the outputs we produced. Second, we tried to determine whether experts could gain new insight on the corpus by using the applications, e.g. if they found evidence unknown to them or new research ideas. Examples of insight gain were attested with the ENB interface; this constitutes a good validation of the work carried out in the thesis. Overall, the applications’ strengths and weaknesses were pointed out, outlining possible improvements as future work.},

note = {HAL Id : tel-01575167 , version 2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {phdthesis}

}

@phdthesis{Kachani2017,

title = {La construction des politiques de l'autisme : concurrence des acteurs et arbitrage de l'Etat },

author = {Alexandra Struk Kachani},

url = {https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01734867/},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

urldate = {2017-01-01},

school = {Université de Bordeaux},

abstract = {Cette thèse interroge les processus de construction de la réalité́ à l’oeuvre lors de l’émergence duproblème politique de l’autisme. Un mécanisme largement bottom-up s’est imposé, sousl’impulsion déterminante de « coalitions de causes » (notamment celle des associations deparents) qui ont opéré un véritable travail de capacitation et d’expertisation pour s’approprier destravaux de recherche, contester la légitimité du pouvoir médical, revendiquer des droits auprès despouvoirs publics en utilisant différentes armes, médiatiques, et judiciaires principalement.Expliquer pourquoi l’autisme est devenu un problème politique au milieu des années 1990 jusqu’àêtre reconnu « grande cause nationale » en 2012 suppose d’analyser, sur un temps long, lesprocessus qui changent le statut de l’autisme (d’un problème familial d’abord, social ensuite,politique enfin) et en définissent les traitements publics possibles. },

note = {HAL Id : tel-01734867 , version 1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {phdthesis}

}

@phdthesis{Oulion2016,

title = {The acquisition of technological capabilities by large Chinese industrial companies: between catch-up and engagement in emerging technologies},

author = {Marina Oulion},

url = {https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01483966},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-09-01},

urldate = {2016-09-01},

school = {LISIS, Paris-Est University},

abstract = {Among the world’s 500 largest firms, one out of five is Chinese. In 2014, 94 Chinese firms were among the world leaders in R&D. Since 2016, China is the first acquirer of foreign firms and is now targeting high-technology firms.These recent developments raise questions about the technological positioning of Chinese firms. Studying this topic requires looking at their conditions of emergence. We can look at China’s development from the perspective of the technological catch-up model (Kim, 1997). China has gone through three phases: a phase of acquisition of foreign technology following the country’s opening in 1978, a period of technological assimilation and production of increasingly complex products, and a period of technological integration characterized by technological improvement and the reconfiguration of existing technologies.The hypothesis we make is that firms are now in the last phase of catch-up, and have entered a period of transition to technology leadership. This leads to two questions. What is Chinese innovation today? This topic broadly refers to innovation in emerging countries. How far are Chinese firms from reaching the technological frontier?We observe the transition through the way major Chinese firms engage in research. The integration of emerging technologies into their research strategies reflect dynamics of technological learning which, if they are not yet visible in the market, indicate a transition. Our results show that the trend is significant, with half of large firms (48%) engaging in nanotechnology research. This proportion indicates that Chinese firms have reached the technological frontier. This, however, does not mean that Chinese firms have reached the frontier in other dimensions, such as the organizational dimension. We also show that there are several modalities of commitment to research. While some large Chine firms engage in research by adopting a model similar to that of American or European firms, other dynamics are at work, which reflect, in particular, their historical legacy, and the impact of their localization.To obtain these results, we have built a unique database of 325 large industrial enterprises, and have looked at their patenting activities in nanotechnology, directly or through their subsidiaries, based on the exploitation of sources in English and Chinese. },

note = {HAL Id : tel-01483966 , version 2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {phdthesis}

}

@phdthesis{Gayoso2015,

title = {Coproduire le nouveau. Sociologie des plateformes de co-innovation},

author = {Emile Gayoso},

url = {https://www.theses.fr/2015PESC0055},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-12-04},

abstract = {Les plateformes de co-innovation sont des dispositifs en ligne que les entreprises ont commencé à développer au milieu de la décennie 2000, dans le sillage du Web 2.0, afin d’intégrer les consommateurs au processus d’innovation. Présentées comme de nouveaux espaces ouverts et collaboratifs, entièrement dédiés à la coopération avec les internautes, ces démarches participatives suscitent l’engouement des gestionnaires et des cabinets de conseil spécialisés dans l’innovation. Pourtant, rares sont les études portant sur la co-innovation qui aient consacré une enquête de terrain aux dispositifs mis en place et aux formes de collaborations qu’ils accueillent. La sociologie, en particulier, s’est notablement désintéressée — au profit des sciences de gestion — des initiatives de co-innovation impliquant de grandes entreprises et a fait porter l’essentiel de ses analyses sur des cas d’innovation ascendante, sur le mouvement du logiciel libre ou sur de petites structures de nature entrepreneuriale. Cette thèse, en prenant pour objet six plateformes mises en place par des très grandes entreprises françaises et étasunienne dans les secteurs des télécommunications, du transport de voyageurs et du matériel informatique, vise à combler ce manque.Au-delà de cette ambition qui tente de restituer la légitimité d’un objet de recherche au sein d’un champ disciplinaire, cette thèse tisse une réflexion autour de trois problèmes fondamentaux : pourquoi et comment les entreprises associent-elles les usagers à leur processus d’innovation ? Pourquoi et comment les usagers collaborent-ils, le plus souvent de façon bénévole ? De quelles nouvelles formes de collaboration, voire de relation, entre l’individu et l’entreprise ces dispositifs sociotechniques sont-ils porteurs ?Nous apportons des réponses à ces questions en mobilisant les outils combinés de la théorie du cadre de référence de Flichy, de la théorie des régimes d’engagement développée par Thévenot et poursuivie par Auray, et enfin des concepts standards de l’analyse de réseaux. Sur le plan empirique, cette thèse s’appuie sur une enquête de terrain menée depuis 2010 auprès des acteurs de ces plateformes, au cours de laquelle nous avons adopté une méthode quali-quantitative articulant 44 entretiens semi-directifs auprès des acteurs des plateformes (usagers mais aussi responsables de plateformes, chefs de produits, community managers), observations en ligne et analyse de réseaux des collaborations qui se nouent autour des dispositifs.},

note = {Thèse de doctorat dirigée par Flichy, Patrice Sociologie Paris Est 2015},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {phdthesis}

}

@phdthesis{omodei2014modeling,

title = {Modeling the socio-semantic dynamics of scientific communities},

author = {Elisa Omodei},

url = {https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01097702/},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

urldate = {2014-01-01},

school = {Ecole normale supérieure-ENS PARIS},

abstract = {Comment les structures sociales et sémantiques d'une communauté scientifique guident-elles les dynamiques de collaboration à venir ? Dans cette thèse, nous combinons des techniques de traitement automatique des langues et des méthodes provenant de l'analyse de réseaux complexes pour analyser une base de données de publications scientifiques dans le domaine de la linguistique computationnelle : l'ACL Anthology. Notre objectif est de comprendre le rôle des collaborations entre les chercheurs dans la construction du paysage sémantique du domaine, et, symétriquement, de saisir combien ce même paysage influence les trajectoires individuelles des chercheurs et leurs interactions. Nous employons des outils d’analyse du contenu textuel pour extraire des textes des publications les termes correspondant à des concepts scientifiques. Ces termes sont ensuite connectés aux chercheurs pour former un réseau socio-sémantique, dont nous modélisons la dynamique à différentes échelles. Nous construisons d’abord un modèle statistique, à base de régressions logistiques multivariées, qui permet de quantifier le rôle respectif des propriétés sociales et sémantiques de la communauté sur la dynamique microscopique du réseau socio-sémantique. Nous reconstruisons par la suite l’évolution du champ de la linguistique computationelle en créant différentes cartographies du réseau sémantique, représentant les connaissances produites dans le domaine, mais aussi le flux d’auteurs entre les différents champs de recherche du domaine. En résumé, nos travaux ont montré que la combinaison des méthodes issues du traitement automatique des langues et de l'analyse des réseaux complexes permet d'étudier d'une manière nouvelle l'évolution des domaines scientifiques. },

note = {HAL Id : tel-01097702 , version 1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {phdthesis}

}

@phdthesis{Levain2014,

title = {Vivre avec l’algue verte : Médiations, épreuves et signes},

author = {Alix-Kathleen Levain},

url = {https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01098682/},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

urldate = {2014-01-01},

school = {Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle},

abstract = {Aborder les crises et les changements environnementaux sous l'angle de l'expérience de ceux qui y sont confrontés permet de prendre la mesure de ce qui est en jeu dans les processus contemporains d’écologisation. L’expérience écologique engage en effet des observations expertes et profanes sur le monde naturel, de plus en plus instrumentées par les sciences et les techniques et qui se construisent à différenteséchelles. Mais elle est aussi expérience sociale, en ce qu’elle oblige à penser ce qui, dans notre regard et dans celui des autres, se trouve interrogé par la formulation désormais principalement problématique des relations de l’homme avec les milieux qu’il habite et transforme. L’enquête ethnographique permet d’explorer simultanément ces deux dimensions indissociables d’une expérience problématique. Cette thèse explore les modes de prise en compte et de prise en charge des évolutions de l’environnement littoral, à partir d’une analyse de l’émergence de l’eutrophisation accélérée des milieux aquatiques, considérée aujourd'hui comme un problème écologique majeur à l'échelle mondiale. Elle s'appuie sur le cas des proliférations d'algues vertes, observées sur une partie du littoral breton depuis les années 1970 et directement reliées à l'intensification de l'élevage dans la région. Axe majeur du développement régional et fer de lance de l'agriculture française,le «modèle breton» est en effet àl'origine d'un enrichissement massif des eaux des rivières et des eaux côtières en nutriments. La thèse rend compte de la complexité de cette expérience vécue, montre les modes pluriels d'existence des marées vertes en tant que phénomène et en tant que problème public. A partir du comportement problématique des algues, compagnes indésirables de la modernité, ce sont les transformations et le devenir d'une société qui se trouvent interrogés et réévalués, au travers de la mutation douloureuse de ses rapports avec les êtres vivants environnants. Dans une perspective socio-­‐anthropologique, la thèse s’attache de ce fait à décrire comment le phénomène est questionné, interprété, enrôlé. Elle analyse la façon dont se construisent les articulations et les médiations qui permettent de donner sens au désordre et aboutit à une proposition de relecture de l’écologisation comme expérience située et réflexive. },

note = {HAL Id : tel-01098682 , version 1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {phdthesis}

}